# The trauma patient showed signs of _____, a condition where blood clots start forming throughout the bloodstream.

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168453  
> language: ko  
> subject: Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs

## 문제

The trauma patient showed signs of _____, a condition where blood clots start forming throughout the bloodstream.

## 보기

1. coagulopathy **✔ 정답**
2. thrombophilia
3. hemophilia
4. vasculitis
5. embolism

**정답: 1**

## 해설

Coagulopathy, specifically disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), is a serious condition where blood clots form throughout the body's blood vessels, leading to organ damage. Simultaneously, clotting factors are depleted, causing bleeding. Common causes include severe trauma, sepsis, and obstetric complications. It requires immediate medical intervention to prevent organ failure.

## 임상 시나리오

DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation):
- Pathophysiology: Widespread activation of blood clotting
- Clinical features: Bleeding, organ failure, thrombosis
- Laboratory findings: Low platelets, elevated D-dimer, prolonged PT/PTT
- Triggers: Trauma, infection, cancer, obstetric complications
- Treatment: Treat underlying cause, supportive care, blood products

Coagulation Cascade:
- Intrinsic pathway: Factor XII activation
- Extrinsic pathway: Tissue factor exposure
- Common pathway: Thrombin formation
- Final step: Fibrin clot formation

Clotting Factors:
- Factor I: Fibrinogen
- Factor II: Prothrombin
- Factor VII: Proconvertin
- Factor VIII: Antihemophilic factor
- Factor IX: Christmas factor
- Factor X: Stuart-Prower factor

Coagulation Tests:
- PT: Extrinsic pathway
- PTT: Intrinsic pathway
- INR: Standardized PT
- D-dimer: Fibrin breakdown
- Fibrinogen level: Clotting capacity

## 핵심 개념

- **coagulopathy** — A disorder affecting blood's ability to clot, characterized by either excessive clotting or bleeding, often involving abnormal function of clotting factors
- **thrombophilia** — A condition where blood has increased tendency to form clots, often due to genetic or acquired factors that affect blood coagulation
- **hemophilia** — A genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to form blood clots, leading to excessive bleeding and slow healing
- **vasculitis** — Inflammation of blood vessels that can cause vessel walls to thicken, narrow, or weaken, potentially affecting blood flow
- **embolism** — A blockage in a blood vessel caused by a blood clot or other material that has traveled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream

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