# The elderly patient showed signs of _____, a progressive brain disorder causing memory loss and cognitive decline.

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168452  
> language: ko  
> subject: Mental and behavioural disorders

## 문제

The elderly patient showed signs of _____, a progressive brain disorder causing memory loss and cognitive decline.

## 보기

1. dementia **✔ 정답**
2. delirium
3. depression
4. psychosis
5. amnesia

**정답: 1**

## 해설

Dementia is a syndrome characterized by progressive deterioration in cognitive function beyond what is expected from normal aging. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause. It affects memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, learning, language, and judgment. The condition also often affects behavior and emotional control. Early symptoms often include forgetfulness and confusion about time or place.

## 임상 시나리오

1. Types of Dementia:
- Alzheimer's Disease
- Vascular Dementia
- Lewy Body Dementia
- Frontotemporal Dementia
- Mixed Dementia

2. Common Symptoms:
- Memory Loss
- Communication Problems
- Impaired Reasoning
- Difficulty with Complex Tasks
- Disorientation
- Behavioral Changes

3. Risk Factors:
- Age
- Family History
- Cardiovascular Problems
- Head Trauma
- Diabetes
- Smoking

4. Diagnostic Methods:
- Cognitive Tests
- Brain Imaging (MRI, CT)
- Blood Tests
- Mental Status Examination
- Neurological Evaluation

5. Treatment Approaches:
- Cholinesterase Inhibitors
- Memantine
- Behavioral Therapy
- Occupational Therapy
- Support Groups
- Lifestyle Modifications

## 핵심 개념

- **dementia** — A chronic, progressive brain disorder that affects memory, thinking, behavior and ability to perform daily activities. It's characterized by cognitive decline beyond normal aging.
- **delirium** — A serious disturbance in mental abilities that results in confused thinking and reduced awareness of the environment. The onset is usually rapid and temporary.
- **depression** — A mental health disorder characterized by persistently depressed mood or loss of interest in activities, causing significant impairment in daily life.
- **psychosis** — A severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality. It can include hallucinations and delusions.
- **amnesia** — A partial or total loss of memory, usually resulting from shock, psychological disturbance, brain injury, or illness.

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