# The child developed _____, inflammation of the bronchioles common in infants, causing breathing difficulties.

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168451  
> language: ko  
> subject: Diseases of the respiratory system

## 문제

The child developed _____, inflammation of the bronchioles common in infants, causing breathing difficulties.

## 보기

1. bronchiolitis **✔ 정답**
2. pneumonitis
3. laryngitis
4. tracheitis
5. rhinitis

**정답: 1**

## 해설

Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection affecting infants and young children, primarily caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It involves inflammation of the bronchioles, the smallest airways in the lungs. Symptoms include wheezing, rapid breathing, cough, and difficulty feeding. The condition is typically most severe in the first few days and gradually improves over time.

## 임상 시나리오

• Bronchiolitis: inflammation of small airways (bronchioles) in lungs
• Common causes: RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), rhinovirus, adenovirus
• Primary age group: infants under 12 months
• Key symptoms: wheezing, rapid breathing, coughing, nasal congestion
• Risk factors: premature birth, young age, exposure to tobacco smoke
• Diagnosis: physical examination, chest X-ray, oxygen saturation
• Treatment: supportive care, oxygen therapy if needed
• Prevention: hand washing, avoiding sick contacts
• Complications: respiratory failure, dehydration
• Peak season: winter months
• Recovery time: 2-3 weeks typically
• Monitoring: respiratory rate, work of breathing, feeding ability
• Long-term effects: possible increased risk of asthma
• Transmission: respiratory droplets, direct contact
• Clinical assessment: respiratory distress score, feeding evaluation

## 핵심 개념

- **bronchiolitis** — Inflammation of the bronchioles (small airways in the lungs), primarily affecting infants and young children, usually caused by viral infection
- **pneumonitis** — Inflammation of lung tissue, which can be caused by infection, exposure to irritants, or autoimmune conditions
- **laryngitis** — Inflammation of the larynx (voice box), causing hoarseness, sore throat, and voice changes
- **tracheitis** — Inflammation of the trachea (windpipe), characterized by bacterial infection and breathing difficulties
- **rhinitis** — Inflammation of the nasal passages, causing symptoms like runny nose, sneezing, and nasal congestion

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