# The patient experienced severe _____, a serious allergic reaction affecting multiple body systems that can be life-threatening.

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168450  
> language: ko  
> subject: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified

## 문제

The patient experienced severe _____, a serious allergic reaction affecting multiple body systems that can be life-threatening.

## 보기

1. anaphylaxis **✔ 정답**
2. urticaria
3. angioedema
4. dermatitis
5. rhinitis

**정답: 1**

## 해설

Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that develops rapidly. It's caused by exposure to allergens such as foods, medications, or insect stings. The reaction affects multiple body systems simultaneously, causing symptoms like difficulty breathing, rapid pulse, skin reactions, and dropping blood pressure. Immediate treatment with epinephrine is crucial for survival.

## 임상 시나리오

Anaphylaxis:
- Type I hypersensitivity reaction
- Triggers: foods (peanuts, shellfish), medications, insect stings, latex
- Symptoms: respiratory distress, hypotension, tachycardia, urticaria, angioedema
- Treatment: immediate epinephrine (first-line), antihistamines, corticosteroids
- Prevention: allergen avoidance, medical alert bracelet, carrying epinephrine auto-injector
- Biphasic reaction: recurrence after initial resolution (up to 72 hours)
- Risk factors: history of allergies, asthma, previous anaphylaxis
- Mast cell activation releases histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes
- Monitoring: vital signs, airway patency, cardiovascular status
- Emergency protocol: ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation)

## 핵심 개념

- **anaphylaxis** — A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that develops rapidly, affecting multiple body systems simultaneously, requiring immediate medical attention and epinephrine treatment
- **urticaria** — A skin reaction characterized by itchy, raised welts or hives that can appear anywhere on the body, often triggered by allergies or other immune system responses
- **angioedema** — Deep swelling of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, often affecting the face, throat, and extremities, which can be allergic or hereditary in nature
- **dermatitis** — Inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, swelling, itching, and sometimes blistering, which can be caused by allergies, irritants, or other factors
- **rhinitis** — Inflammation of the nasal passages causing symptoms such as runny nose, sneezing, and congestion, which can be allergic or non-allergic in nature

## 같은 주제 문제

- [Patient's arterial blood gas shows severe ______, with pH 7.1 and elevated PaCO2.](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168329)
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- [The patient experienced _____, a temporary loss of consciousness due to reduced blood flow…](https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168434)
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