# Patient experienced acute _____, a sudden decrease in kidney function leading to accumulation of waste products in the blood.

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168441  
> language: ko  
> subject: Diseases of the genitourinary system

## 문제

Patient experienced acute _____, a sudden decrease in kidney function leading to accumulation of waste products in the blood.

## 보기

1. azotemia **✔ 정답**
2. proteinuria
3. glycosuria
4. hematuria
5. oliguria

**정답: 1**

## 해설

Azotemia is a medical condition characterized by elevated levels of nitrogen-containing compounds in the blood, particularly urea, creatinine, and other waste products. It occurs when the kidneys fail to filter waste products efficiently. This condition can be prerenal (due to decreased blood flow), renal (kidney damage), or postrenal (urinary tract obstruction).

## 임상 시나리오

Azotemia:
- Definition: Elevated nitrogen-containing compounds in blood
- Types: Prerenal, Renal, Postrenal
- Key markers: BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), Creatinine
- Normal BUN range: 7-20 mg/dL
- Normal Creatinine range: 0.7-1.3 mg/dL
- Common causes:
* Dehydration
* Kidney disease
* Heart failure
* Urinary obstruction
* Shock
- Symptoms:
* Fatigue
* Nausea
* Confusion
* Decreased urine output
- Treatment approaches:
* Fluid management
* Treating underlying cause
* Dialysis if severe
- Diagnostic tests:
* Blood chemistry panel
* Urinalysis
* BUN/Creatinine ratio
* GFR measurement

## 핵심 개념

- **azotemia** — A condition characterized by abnormally high levels of nitrogen-containing compounds in the blood, particularly urea and creatinine, due to impaired kidney function
- **proteinuria** — The presence of excess proteins in the urine, which may indicate kidney damage or disease
- **glycosuria** — The presence of glucose in the urine, often indicating diabetes or kidney tubule dysfunction
- **hematuria** — The presence of blood or red blood cells in the urine, which may indicate various urinary tract or kidney disorders
- **oliguria** — Decreased urine production, typically defined as urine output less than 400-500 mL per 24 hours in adults

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