# Laboratory tests showed severe _____, an abnormally low red blood cell count or hemoglobin level.

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168439  
> language: ko  
> subject: Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs

## 문제

Laboratory tests showed severe _____, an abnormally low red blood cell count or hemoglobin level.

## 보기

1. anemia **✔ 정답**
2. thrombocytopenia
3. leukopenia
4. polycythemia
5. neutropenia

**정답: 1**

## 해설

Anemia is a condition where the blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to tissues. It can be caused by decreased production of red blood cells, increased destruction of red blood cells, or blood loss. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and pale skin.

## 임상 시나리오

Anemia Types and Characteristics:
- Iron deficiency anemia: Most common type, caused by insufficient iron
- Aplastic anemia: Bone marrow fails to produce blood cells
- Sickle cell anemia: Inherited condition affecting hemoglobin
- Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia: Also called pernicious anemia
- Hemolytic anemia: Premature destruction of red blood cells

Key Terms:
- Hemoglobin: Protein carrying oxygen in red blood cells
- Hematocrit: Percentage of blood volume occupied by RBCs
- Erythropoiesis: Process of red blood cell production
- Microcytic: Smaller than normal red blood cells
- Macrocytic: Larger than normal red blood cells

Diagnostic Tests:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- Serum ferritin test
- Peripheral blood smear
- Reticulocyte count
- Iron studies

Treatment Approaches:
- Iron supplementation
- Vitamin B12 injections
- Folic acid supplements
- Blood transfusions
- Bone marrow transplantation

Normal Values:
- Hemoglobin: 13.5-17.5 g/dL (male), 12.0-15.5 g/dL (female)
- Hematocrit: 41-50% (male), 36-44% (female)
- RBC count: 4.5-5.9 million/mcL (male), 4.1-5.1 million/mcL (female)

## 핵심 개념

- **anemia** — A condition characterized by a decrease in the total amount of hemoglobin or the number of red blood cells, resulting in reduced oxygen delivery to tissues
- **thrombocytopenia** — A condition characterized by abnormally low levels of platelets (thrombocytes) in the blood, which can lead to impaired blood clotting
- **leukopenia** — A condition characterized by a decrease in the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) in the blood, which can increase susceptibility to infections
- **polycythemia** — A condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of red blood cells in the blood, which can lead to increased blood viscosity
- **neutropenia** — A condition characterized by an abnormally low number of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) in the blood, which increases risk of bacterial infections

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