# The patient experienced _____, a temporary loss of consciousness due to reduced blood flow to the brain.

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> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168434  
> language: ko  
> subject: Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified

## 문제

The patient experienced _____, a temporary loss of consciousness due to reduced blood flow to the brain.

Source: Scene from Grey's Anatomy Season 3, Episode 12

## 보기

1. syncope **✔ 정답**
2. vertigo
3. seizure
4. coma
5. stupor

**정답: 1**

## 해설

Syncope is a sudden, brief loss of consciousness caused by decreased cerebral blood flow. It's often preceded by prodromal symptoms like lightheadedness, sweating, and tunnel vision. Common causes include vasovagal response, orthostatic hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmias. Recovery is typically rapid and complete.

## 임상 시나리오

1. Syncope:
- Temporary loss of consciousness
- Caused by reduced cerebral blood flow
- Common symptoms: dizziness, sweating, pallor
- Types: vasovagal, orthostatic, cardiogenic
- Usually lasts seconds to minutes

2. Differential Diagnosis:
- Vertigo: sensation of spinning
- Seizure: abnormal electrical brain activity
- Coma: prolonged unconsciousness
- Stupor: decreased alertness, responsive to pain

3. Risk Factors:
- Dehydration
- Standing for long periods
- Heart conditions
- Medications
- Heat exposure

4. Management:
- Supine position
- Fluid replacement
- Identify underlying cause
- Preventive measures
- Monitor vital signs

5. Clinical Assessment:
- Medical history
- Physical examination
- ECG evaluation
- Orthostatic BP testing
- Neurological examination

## 핵심 개념

- **syncope** — A temporary loss of consciousness due to insufficient blood flow to the brain, often characterized by sudden onset and quick recovery
- **vertigo** — A sensation of spinning or dizziness caused by disturbance in the balance organs of the inner ear
- **seizure** — A sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movements, or consciousness
- **coma** — A state of deep unconsciousness from which a person cannot be awakened, often resulting from severe injury or illness
- **stupor** — A state of near-unconsciousness or unresponsiveness, where a person can only be aroused by vigorous physical stimulation

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