# During cardiac auscultation, the nurse hears an abnormal heart sound between S1 and S2, indicating possible mitral valve ______.

> source: MyMerci (mymerci.kr)  
> url: https://mymerci.kr/pages/nclex_q.php?qn_id=168376  
> language: ko  
> subject: Diseases of the circulatory system

## 문제

During cardiac auscultation, the nurse hears an abnormal heart sound between S1 and S2, indicating possible mitral valve ______.

Grey's Anatomy Season 5 Episode 12

## 보기

1. regurgitation **✔ 정답**
2. stenosis
3. prolapse
4. insufficiency
5. dysfunction

**정답: 1**

## 해설

Regurgitation refers to the backward flow of blood through the mitral valve. This creates a characteristic murmur heard between S1 and S2 during systole, when the valve should normally be preventing backward flow.

## 임상 시나리오

Heart Sounds and Murmurs:

1. S1 (First Heart Sound)
- Occurs at onset of ventricular contraction
- Represents closure of mitral and tricuspid valves
- Best heard at apex of heart

2. S2 (Second Heart Sound)
- Occurs at end of ventricular contraction
- Represents closure of aortic and pulmonic valves
- Best heard at base of heart

3. Mitral Regurgitation
- Systolic murmur
- Backward flow from left ventricle to left atrium
- Holosystolic/pansystolic murmur
- Radiation to axilla
- Grade 1-6 intensity

4. Assessment Points
- Location of murmur
- Timing (systolic/diastolic)
- Intensity/grade
- Quality (harsh, blowing, musical)
- Radiation pattern
- Position changes effect

5. Complications
- Left atrial enlargement
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
- Heart failure symptoms
- Atrial fibrillation risk

## 핵심 개념

- **regurgitation** — A condition where blood flows backward through a heart valve due to incomplete closure, causing abnormal flow in the opposite direction of normal blood flow
- **stenosis** — A condition characterized by abnormal narrowing of a heart valve opening, restricting blood flow through the valve
- **prolapse** — A condition where heart valve leaflets bulge or fall backward into the cardiac chamber, potentially causing incomplete closure
- **insufficiency** — A condition where a heart valve fails to close properly, leading to inadequate function and backward flow of blood
- **dysfunction** — A general term referring to impaired or abnormal functioning of a heart valve, encompassing various types of valve problems

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