A 10-year-old child is hospitalized for a sports injury requiring surgery. The nurse notices the patient frequently uses their tablet and seems withdrawn when family visits. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to promote psychological well-being during hospitalization?
1Encourage peer contact through supervised phone calls and video chats while maintaining hospital policies✓ 정답
2Limit electronic device usage to promote rest and focus on recovery
3Arrange for extended family visiting hours to provide continuous support
4Provide age-appropriate educational materials about the surgical procedure
해설
Adolescents rely heavily on peer relationships for psychological well-being, so encouraging supervised peer contact via phone/video chats reduces distress and supports developmental needs. Other options may increase isolation (limiting devices), are less effective (extended family visits), or do not address social needs (educational materials).
Core Nursing ExplanationKey Concept Analysis: This question assesses the nurse's understanding of Psychosocial development in school-age children and adolescents. The core theme is identifying the primary developmental need of a 10-year-old child during hospitalization. According to Erikson's stages, children aged 6-12 are in the Industry vs. Inferiority stage, but a 10-year-old is also on the cusp of adolescence, where peer relationships become paramount. Hospitalization disrupts normal social activities and can lead to feelings of isolation, boredom, and anxiety. The nurse's role is to implement interventions that support the child's developmental stage and mitigate the psychological stressors of hospitalization.
Answer Rationale: Key Point! For a school-age/early adolescent child, maintaining connections with peers is a critical component of psychological well-being. Peers provide a sense of normalcy, identity, and support that family alone cannot fully replace during this developmental period. Encouraging supervised peer contact through technology (phone calls, video chats) is the most appropriate intervention because it directly addresses the observed withdrawal and uses the child's preferred method of communication (tablet) in a therapeutic way. Supervision ensures safety and adherence to hospital policies (e.g., privacy, infection control).
Distractor Analysis:
Watch out for confusion! Option ②, limiting electronic devices, is counterproductive. While rest is important, abruptly removing a primary source of connection and entertainment can increase feelings of isolation and powerlessness, potentially hindering cooperation with care. A balanced approach that includes device-free periods is better than a strict limit.
Option ③, arranging extended family visits, is supportive but does not address the core developmental need for peer interaction. The scenario notes the child seems withdrawn even during family visits, indicating that family presence alone is not sufficient to meet their psychosocial needs at this age.
Option ④, providing educational materials, is a good intervention for reducing anxiety related to the unknown (surgery) and promoting a sense of control. However, it is a cognitive intervention that does not directly target the social and emotional withdrawal observed in the child. It addresses a different aspect of hospitalization stress.
Related Concepts: This integrates concepts of family-centered care, therapeutic play, and developmental theories (Erikson, Piaget). Understanding the stressors of hospitalization for different age groups is essential for planning holistic, patient-centered care.
Concept Summary
Concept
Key Takeaway
Developmental Stage (10-year-old)
Transitional period: strong need for peer acceptance, mastery, and social interaction outside the family.
Stressors of Hospitalization
Separation from peers, loss of control, fear of the unknown, boredom, altered body image.
Primary Nursing Goal
Minimize developmental regression and promote coping by supporting normal age-appropriate activities.
Therapeutic Use of Technology
Can bridge the gap between hospital and normal life, reducing isolation when used appropriately and supervised.
Side-by-Side Comparison!
Age Group
Primary Psychosocial Need (Erikson)
Key Nursing Intervention for Hospitalization
Toddler (1-3 yrs)
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt
Offer simple choices (e.g., "Which arm for the blood pressure?"), maintain routines.
Preschooler (3-6 yrs)
Initiative vs. Guilt
Use therapeutic play with medical toys to explain procedures, encourage "helping".
School-Age (6-12 yrs)
Industry vs. Inferiority
Provide projects/activities for mastery, facilitate peer contact.
Adolescent (12+ yrs)
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Respect privacy, involve in care decisions, ensure peer visitation/communication.
Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology Points
While this is a psychosocial question, remember that stress and anxiety have physiological correlates (increased cortisol, elevated heart rate and blood pressure). Effective psychosocial support can positively influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, potentially reducing physiological stress responses and promoting better healing and recovery.
Memory TipsPEER Support for the School-Age YEARS: To remember the priority intervention:
Peer contact is Paramount.
Encourage Electronic communication (supervised).
Erikson's Industry stage.
Reduces isolation and Regression.
High-Frequency NCLEX Topics
NCLEX frequently tests the nurse's ability to tailor care to the patient's developmental stage. Questions often present a scenario with a patient of a specific age and ask for the "most appropriate," "priority," or "therapeutic" intervention. Always ask yourself: "What is the primary developmental task or need for this age group, and how is hospitalization disrupting it?"
Watch Out for Question Variations!
* Variation 1 (Priority): "The nurse is developing a plan of care. Which goal should be the priority for this child?" (Answer would focus on maintaining psychosocial well-being/peer relationships).
* Variation 2 (Assessment): "Which finding by the nurse would indicate the child is experiencing a common reaction to hospitalization?" (Answer might be "Withdrawal from family visits" or "Expresses boredom").
* Variation 3 (Evaluation): "The nurse encourages peer video chats. Which statement by the child best indicates the intervention is effective?" (Answer: "I can't wait to tell my friends about this game I beat on my tablet.").
Nursing Clinical Practice GuideClinical Scenario: You are the nurse for Jordan, a 10-year-old admitted for an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of a fractured femur sustained during soccer. Jordan's parents visit after work, but you notice Jordan is quiet, scrolling through social media, and gives short answers to their parents' questions. Jordan mentions missing the championship game next week.
Nursing Intervention Strategy:
1AssessmentInitiate a therapeutic conversation. "Jordan, I see you're really into your tablet. What are your friends up to?" Assess for signs of depression (persistent sadness, loss of interest in things they used to enjoy) versus situational sadness.
2Planning & Implementation* Collaborate with the child and parents: "Jordan, would it be okay if we set up a time for you to video call your best friend or a couple teammates? We can do it here in your room, and I'll help you get set up."
* Integrate with care: Schedule the call after pain medication has taken effect and during a period of low nursing activity.
* Go beyond calls: If possible and within policy, facilitate a brief, supervised visit from a friend or organize a group card/video message from the class.
* Balance activities: Also provide age-appropriate games, books, or craft kits that foster a sense of industry and accomplishment.
3EvaluationObserve for increased engagement, brighter affect after peer contact, and verbalizations about looking forward to future contact. Document the intervention and the child's response.
Patient Safety and Precautions:
* Always maintain patient privacy and confidentiality (HIPAA) during video chats. Ensure the child understands not to share medical information or show other patients in the background.
* Supervise to prevent cyberbullying or exposure to inappropriate content.
* Balance screen time with physical activity as tolerated (e.g., ankle pumps, deep breathing exercises) to prevent complications like deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and atelectasis.
Nursing Procedure & Medication Flow
While not a direct procedure, psychosocial care is integrated into all routines. For example, during medication administration or wound care:
* Step 1 (Therapeutic Communication): "After we change your dressing, we can set up that call to Alex you wanted."
* Step 2 (Empowerment): Offer a choice related to the peer contact. "Do you want to call before or after lunch?"
* Step 3 (Follow-through): Ensure you or a colleague assists as promised. This builds trust and shows the child their psychosocial needs are valued.
A Word from Your Senior Nurse
"Nursing is not just about carrying out physician orders — it's about being the frontline guardian for your patients! In clinical practice, recognizing subtle changes in a patient's affect, like withdrawal, is as critical as monitoring vital signs. For a child, losing their connection to their world can feel like a second injury. By creatively using technology within safe boundaries, you're not just providing distraction; you're administering a powerful dose of normalcy and social support. When studying for your boards, don't just memorize Erikson's stages — picture a real kid like Jordan. Ask yourself, 'What would make *this* patient feel more in control and less alone?' That mindset will not only earn you a great score on the NCLEX but will make you a truly confident, professional nurse who sees the whole person, not just the diagnosis!"
Industry vs. Inferiority — Erikson's developmental stage for school-age children (approx. 6-12 years) where the psychosocial crisis centers on developing a sense of competence through skills and social interactions.
Psychosocial Assessment — A holistic evaluation of a patient's mental, emotional, social, and spiritual well-being, crucial for planning comprehensive nursing care.
Therapeutic Play — The use of play techniques (e.g., medical dolls, art) to help children express feelings, understand procedures, and cope with the healthcare experience.
Family-Centered Care — A philosophy of care that recognizes the family as the constant in a child's life and promotes collaboration between families and healthcare professionals.
Hospitalism (in children) — An older term describing the negative developmental and emotional effects of prolonged hospitalization, emphasizing the need for psychosocial interventions.