A nurse is caring for multiple patients with different infectious diseases. Which patient requires airborne precautions in addition to standard precautions?

Nursing Clinical Practice Guide Clinical Scenario: You are admitting Mr. Chen, a 58-year-old man with a persistent cough, night sweats, and weight loss. A chest X-ray shows cavitary lesions, and sputum smears are pending for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). The physician suspects active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Nursing Intervention Strategy:
1. Assessment & Immediate Action: Upon suspicion, immediately place the patient in a negative pressure isolation room. Don a fit-tested N95 respirator before entering. Post "Airborne Precautions" signs.
2. Patient Education & Support: Explain the reason for isolation to reduce anxiety. Instruct the patient to cover mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing. Ensure proper disposal of tissues in a no-touch receptacle.
3. Monitoring & Evaluation: Monitor for respiratory status, sputum production, and adherence to respiratory hygiene. Evaluate the effectiveness of isolation by ensuring all staff and visitors comply with PPE protocols.

Patient Safety and Precautions: Limit transport of the patient. If transport is essential, the patient must wear a surgical mask. Anyone transporting the patient who is not immune (e.g., to measles or varicella) should not participate if the diagnosis is uncertain. Remember, Key Point! The door to the negative pressure room must remain closed to maintain the pressure gradient.

Nursing Procedure & Medication Flow Procedure for Donning PPE for Airborne Precautions: 1. Perform hand hygiene. 2. Put on the N95 respirator and perform a user seal check. 3. Put on gown (if contact with patient or environment is anticipated). 4. Put on gloves.
Medication Administration: TB medications are often given in combination and can have significant side effects (e.g., hepatotoxicity from Isoniazid, orange bodily fluids from Rifampin, optic neuritis from Ethambutol). Administer with food if GI upset occurs and monitor liver function tests.
A Word from Your Senior Nurse "In the real world, infection control is everyone's responsibility. When you see that 'Airborne Precautions' sign, it's not a suggestion—it's a critical safety protocol. I've seen new nurses feel rushed and skip the seal check on their N95. Don't. That mask is your primary barrier. Taking those extra 10 seconds to ensure a proper fit protects you, your other patients, and your own family. On the NCLEX, they are testing your foundational knowledge to keep patients and the healthcare team safe. Always ask yourself: 'How is this bug spread?' The answer to that question tells you everything about the precautions needed."