A 9-year-old child with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is being discharged home. Which instruction should the nurse prioritize when teaching the parents about home care management?
The nurse is providing discharge education to parents of a child diagnosed with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.
1Encourage high-impact activities like running and jumping to strengthen the hip muscles
2Maintain activity restrictions and use assistive devices as prescribed to protect the hip joint✓ 정답
3Apply heat packs to the affected hip for 30 minutes three times daily
4Administer aspirin for pain management and anti-inflammatory effects
해설
The priority is joint protection through activity restrictions and assistive devices to prevent further damage to the femoral head during healing. Other options are contraindicated as they may worsen the condition or pose risks.
Core Nursing Explanation
This question tests the application of the nursing process, specifically the planning and implementation phases for discharge teaching, for a child with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD). The core theme is understanding the Key Point!pathophysiology of the disease to determine the correct, protective nursing intervention.
Key Concept Analysis
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is an avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head in children. The blood supply to the growing femoral head is temporarily interrupted, causing the bone to die (necrosis), soften, and become misshapen during the healing process. The primary goal of treatment is to contain the femoral head within the acetabulum (hip socket) as it heals and re-forms. This containment prevents deformity and allows for the regeneration of a spherical, functional hip joint. Therefore, joint protection is the cornerstone of management.
Answer RationaleKey Point! The correct answer is Maintain activity restrictions and use assistive devices as prescribed to protect the hip joint. This instruction directly addresses the pathophysiological need. Activity restrictions (like avoiding running, jumping, and contact sports) prevent mechanical stress on the fragile, necrotic bone. Assistive devices (such as crutches or a walker) help keep weight off the affected hip, promoting containment and preventing collapse or further deformity of the femoral head. This is the single most important principle in home care for LCPD.
Distractor AnalysisWatch out for confusion!
Option 1 (Encourage high-impact activities): This is contraindicated. High-impact activities place excessive force on the avascular femoral head, risking fragmentation, collapse, and permanent deformity. It directly opposes the treatment goal.
Option 3 (Apply heat packs): While heat may provide temporary comfort for muscle soreness, it is not a primary or evidence-based intervention for LCPD. The core problem is avascular necrosis, not inflammation that typically responds to heat. More importantly, this instruction does not address the critical need for joint protection.
Option 4 (Administer aspirin): This is dangerous and contraindicated. In children and adolescents, aspirin use is associated with Reye's syndrome, a rare but severe condition causing acute encephalopathy and liver failure. For pain management in LCPD, acetaminophen or other non-aspirin NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) under medical guidance would be appropriate.
Related Concepts
The nursing priorities for LCPD revolve around the mnemonic "PROTECT": Promote containment, Restrict damaging activity, Observe for pain, Teach about assistive devices, Encourage safe, non-weight-bearing play, Coordinate with physical therapy, and Track follow-up appointments. Parental education is crucial for long-term adherence to the treatment plan, which can last 2-4 years.
Concept Summary
Concept
Key Takeaway
Disease Definition
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children aged 4-8 years.
Pathophysiology
Loss of blood supply → bone death → softening → risk of deformity during healing.
Primary Treatment Goal
Containment of the femoral head within the acetabulum.
Core Nursing Intervention
Joint protection via activity restriction and assistive device use.
Pharmacology Caution
Avoid aspirin in children (Reye's syndrome risk).
Side-by-Side Comparison!
Condition
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
Age Group
Younger children (4-8 yrs)
Older children/adolescents (10-16 yrs), often obese
Pathology
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
Displacement (slippage) of the femoral head from the neck at the growth plate.
Key Symptom
Limp, hip/knee pain, limited internal rotation.
Limp, hip/knee/groin pain, leg externally rotated and shortened.
Immediate Nursing Action
Protect joint, non-weight-bearing.
Immediate non-weight-bearing, prepare for surgical stabilization (urgent).
Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology Points
Anatomy: The femoral head is the "ball" in the hip's ball-and-socket joint. Its blood supply is vulnerable in children.
Physiology:Avascular Necrosis (AVN) means tissue death due to interrupted blood flow. In bone, this leads to structural weakness.
Pharmacology:Watch out for confusion!Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is contraindicated in children with viral illnesses due to Reye's syndrome. For pediatric pain/fever, use acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
Memory Tips
Mnemonic for LCPD Priorities:Contain the Head. Crutches, Healing, Home care.
Age Association: LCPD in Little kids (4-8). SCFE in Sizable/older kids (10-16).
Aspirin Rule: Just remember: "No ASA for the pediatric case-a." (ASA is aspirin's abbreviation).
High-Frequency NCLEX Topics
NCLEX loves to test pediatric safety and contraindications. LCPD questions often combine:
1. Knowledge of the disease process (avascular necrosis).
2. Application of safety principles (activity restriction).
3. Key Point!Pharmacology safety (avoiding aspirin in children).
Always look for the option that promotes protection, safety, and adherence to the treatment plan's core principle.
Watch Out for Question Variations!
Symptom Identification: "The nurse assesses a 6-year-old with a limp and pain in the right knee. The nurse should suspect..." (Answer: LCPD – pain can be referred to the knee).
Priority Intervention: "A child with LCPD is crying in pain after physical therapy. What should the nurse do first?" (Assess pain, provide prescribed analgesia like acetaminophen, ensure the child is not bearing weight).
Parent Statement Evaluation: "Which parent statement indicates a need for further teaching?" (e.g., "I give him aspirin when his hip aches after playing soccer").
Nursing Clinical Practice GuideClinical Scenario: You are the pediatric nurse preparing for the discharge of 7-year-old Leo, diagnosed with LCPD in his left hip. He has been fitted for a special brace (e.g., an abduction brace) and will be using forearm crutches. His parents are anxious and unsure how to manage his care at home, especially with an active older sibling.
Nursing Intervention Strategy:
Assessment: Assess the parents' understanding of the disease, their ability to correctly apply/use the brace and crutches, and identify safety hazards at home (stairs, slippery floors). Assess Leo's pain level using an age-appropriate scale.
Education & Implementation:
Joint Protection: Demonstrate and have parents/Leo practice crutch walking. Emphasize NO running, jumping, sports, or rough play. Teach safe transfer techniques.
Device Management: Teach proper brace application (skin checks for redness/pressure points), crutch adjustment, and care.
Pain Management: Instruct on administering acetaminophen or ibuprofen as prescribed for pain. Reinforce the danger of aspirin.
Activity Promotion: Encourage safe activities: swimming (once cleared), stationary cycling, reading, crafts – activities that maintain fitness without hip impact.
Follow-up: Stress the importance of all orthopedic and physical therapy appointments to monitor healing.
Patient Safety and Precautions:
Contraindication: Absolute avoidance of aspirin and high-impact activities.
Monitoring: Teach parents to monitor for signs of complications: increased pain, new limp, skin breakdown under the brace, fever (sign of possible infection).
Home Safety: Recommend removing throw rugs, installing grab bars if needed, and creating a safe, accessible space for Leo on the main living level.
Nursing Procedure & Medication FlowDischarge Teaching Session Flow:
1. Explain "Why": Use simple terms: "The ball of Leo's hip is soft and needs to heal in a round shape inside the socket. Keeping weight off it and using the brace helps it heal correctly."
2. Demonstrate & Return Demonstrate: For crutch use and brace application.
3. Provide Written Instructions: Include medication schedule (drug, dose, time), activity "Do's and Don'ts," and emergency contact numbers.
4. Verify Understanding: Use teach-back: "Can you show me how you'll give Leo his medicine for pain?" or "What will you do if Leo wants to play tag with his brother?"
A Word from Your Senior Nurse
"Managing a chronic condition like Perthes disease is a marathon, not a sprint, for the child and the family. Your role as the nurse is to be their coach and guide. Empowering the parents with clear, practical knowledge and helping Leo find ways to be a kid within safe boundaries is what makes the difference. Remember, the pathophysiological principle (protect the avascular bone) is your North Star. Every piece of education you give should point back to that. On the NCLEX and at the bedside, connecting the 'why' to the 'what to do' is the mark of a thinking nurse, not just a task-completer."
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease — A childhood hip disorder caused by avascular necrosis (temporary loss of blood supply) of the femoral head, leading to bone death, collapse, and potential deformity during the healing process.
Avascular Necrosis — The death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply. In LCPD, this affects the femoral head.
Containment — The primary treatment goal for LCPD, which involves keeping the femoral head securely positioned within the acetabulum (hip socket) to allow it to heal and re-form into a spherical shape.
Reye's Syndrome — A rare but serious condition that causes swelling in the liver and brain, primarily affecting children and teenagers recovering from a viral infection. It is strongly associated with the use of aspirin (salicylates).
Assistive Devices — Tools such as crutches, walkers, or braces used to help a patient avoid bearing weight on an affected limb, promoting healing and preventing further injury. Essential in LCPD management.