Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that develops rapidly. It's caused by exposure to allergens such as foods, medications, or insect stings. The reaction affects multiple body systems simultaneously, causing symptoms like difficulty breathing, rapid pulse, skin reactions, and dropping blood pressure. Immediate treatment with epinephrine is crucial for survival.
임상 시나리오
Anaphylaxis:
- Type I hypersensitivity reaction
- Triggers: foods (peanuts, shellfish), medications, insect stings, latex
- Symptoms: respiratory distress, hypotension, tachycardia, urticaria, angioedema
- Treatment: immediate epinephrine (first-line), antihistamines, corticosteroids
- Prevention: allergen avoidance, medical alert bracelet, carrying epinephrine auto-injector
- Biphasic reaction: recurrence after initial resolution (up to 72 hours)
- Risk factors: history of allergies, asthma, previous anaphylaxis
- Mast cell activation releases histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes
- Monitoring: vital signs, airway patency, cardiovascular status
- Emergency protocol: ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation)
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