Stage 1 — Recognize cues. A 78-year-old client is brought to… | MyMerci
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Medical Emergencies

Stage 1 — Recognize cues. A 78-year-old client is brought to the emergency department from a long-term-care facility. Review the admission note. Highlight the findings that require immediate follow-up.

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A 78-year-old long-term-care resident with dementia is brought in by EMS. Her documented baseline is alert to person, conversational, and able to follow simple directions. She has an indwelling Foley for chronic urinary retention placed 30 days ago, recurrent UTIs over the past year, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension controlled on her usual regimen. Today she is difficult to arouse and cannot hold attention, although she is oriented to person only, as usual. Vital signs: BP 86/52, HR 118, RR 24, T 38.9 C with shaking chills, and SpO2 94 percent without dyspnea. There is mottled skin over both knees with capillary refill of 3 seconds, and there is new tenderness above the pubic bone. The drainage bag holds cloudy urine, unchanged for weeks per staff. EMS reported a fingerstick glucose of 164 mg/dL. There is no facial droop or limb weakness.
A 78-year-old long-term-care resident with dementia is brought in by EMS. Her documented baseline is alert to person, conversational, and able to follow simple directions. She has an indwelling Foley for chronic urinary retention placed 30 days ago, recurrent UTIs over the past year, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension controlled on her usual regimen. Today she is difficult to arouse and cannot hold attention, although she is oriented to person only, as usual. Vital signs: BP 86/52, HR 118, RR 24, T 38.9 C with shaking chills, and SpO2 94 percent without dyspnea. There is mottled skin over both knees with capillary refill of 3 seconds, and there is new tenderness above the pubic bone. The drainage bag holds cloudy urine, unchanged for weeks per staff. EMS reported a fingerstick glucose of 164 mg/dL. There is no facial droop or limb weakness.
Explanation
Being hard to arouse and unable to hold attention is an acute change from her documented conversational baseline, whereas orientation to person only is her usual dementia state. Hypotension with tachycardia and tachypnea, fever with rigors, knee mottling, and new suprapubic tenderness require immediate follow-up because they signal systemic infection, poor perfusion, and a possible urinary source. Cloudy drainage-bag urine that staff report has looked the same for weeks is common with a long-term catheter and does not establish infection, and a glucose of 164 mg/dL is modest for a client with type 2 diabetes.
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