A client with a high tumor burden (acute leukemia) is starti… | MyMerci
Medical Emergencies PA
Question

A client with a high tumor burden (acute leukemia) is starting induction chemotherapy. Which prophylactic medications prevent tumor lysis syndrome?

Explanation
Correct (2): Tumor lysis syndrome = massive cell breakdown → hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, hypocalcemia, AKI. Prophylaxis: aggressive hydration + allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor); rasburicase (recombinant urate oxidase) for high risk or established TLS — converts uric acid to allantoin. Avoid in G6PD deficiency (hemolysis risk). (1,3,4) Unrelated.

In-depth explanation

Memory Tip TLS = "Tumor Lyse Syndrome" — K↑, P↑, Uric acid↑, Ca↓. Prophylaxis: HYDRATE + ALLOPURINOL ± RASBURICASE.

Clinical scenario

Scenario 22-year-old male with new ALL high WBC starting induction chemo; high TLS risk.

Key concepts

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