A nurse is preparing to administer IV phenytoin for status e… | MyMerci
Adverse Effects/Contraindications/Interactions PPT
Question

A nurse is preparing to administer IV phenytoin for status epilepticus. Which preparation and administration practice is essential for safety?

Explanation
Correct (2): IV phenytoin precipitates in dextrose-containing fluids — must use normal saline only. Max rate: 50 mg/min (25 mg/min in elderly/cardiac disease) to avoid hypotension, bradycardia, and arrhythmias. Continuous ECG and BP monitoring required. Use a large vein to minimize purple glove syndrome (extravasation → soft tissue ischemia). (1) D5W causes precipitation; 100 mg/min is dangerous. (3) Bolus push causes cardiac arrest. (4) Y-site KCl coadministration risks precipitation.

In-depth explanation

Memory Tip Phenytoin IV = "Saline, Slow, Strong-vein, Strip (ECG)." Fosphenytoin is the safer alternative — water-soluble, faster infusion permitted, less local injury.

Clinical scenario

Scenario 38-year-old in status epilepticus; provider orders phenytoin 1000 mg IV loading dose. The client has a dedicated 18-gauge antecubital IV.

Key concepts

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For study reference only. Always follow current clinical guidelines and your institution’s protocols.