Correct (2): The 2019 FDA boxed warning applies to complex sleep behaviors (sleep-driving, sleep-eating, sleep-walking) with eszopiclone, zaleplon, and zolpidem — even at recommended doses. After any such event, the drug must be DISCONTINUED. Older adults, women, and concurrent CNS depressant use heighten risk. Beers Criteria also flags non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics for adults ≥65. (1) Sleep-driving is not normal aging. (3) Higher dose magnifies risk. (4) Combining CNS depressants compounds the danger.
In-depth explanation
Memory Tip Z-drugs (Zolpidem, Zaleplon, esZopiclone) = "Z-drugs, ZERO tolerance for sleep-driving" — one event mandates DISCONTINUATION. Caution Female dose is half male dose (5 mg vs 10 mg) due to slower clearance — a common prescribing error.
For study reference only. Always follow current clinical guidelines and your institution’s protocols.