A nurse assists with informed-consent processes for several adult clients on a surgical unit. Which actions are appropriate? Select all that apply.

A qualified interpreter supports accurate, timely, and impartial communication; the organization should not require a client to provide a family interpreter or rely on unqualified staff (Choice 1). For elective care involving a minor, follow applicable law and policy for parent or guardian permission and seek the adolescent's assent when appropriate (Choice 2). The responsible practitioner explains the procedure, risks, benefits, and alternatives; the nurse witnesses and verifies the elements assigned by policy and reports unanswered questions or concerns (Choice 4). Mild dementia alone does not establish incapacity, so assess current understanding and communication and escalate concerns; use the legally authorized representative when capacity is lacking (Choice 6). Emergency treatment may proceed under the applicable emergency exception when delay threatens life and no surrogate is available (Choice 3). Consent should be obtained before sedating medication impairs capacity (Choice 5).