A nurse is providing preconception counseling to a 28-year-old woman planning a pregnancy in the next 6 months. Which recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.
Select All That Apply
Choose your responses, then check the answer.
Explanation
Folic acid 400-800 mcg daily starting at least 1 month before conception reduces neural tube defects by up to 70 percent. Confirming rubella and varicella immunity is essential because both are live-virus vaccines that cannot be given during pregnancy and can cause serious fetal disease. High-dose vitamin A is teratogenic. Caffeine under 200 mg per day is permissible. There is no known safe amount of alcohol in pregnancy.
Clinical Judgment Preconception care priorities: folic acid 400-800 mcg, immunity check (rubella, varicella, hep B), chronic disease control (DM, HTN, thyroid), avoid teratogens, lifestyle counseling. Live-virus vaccines must be given at least 1 month before conception.
Memory Tip Preconception: Folic acid + Vaccines + Glucose/BP control + No alcohol/smoke/teratogens
KR vs US USPSTF and Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology guidelines align: 400-800 mcg folic acid 1 month before conception, immunity titers, control of chronic disease. Korean national health screening for women of reproductive age is similar to the US preconception visit.
Clinical Practice GuideUSPSTF + ACOG preconception bundle:- Folic acid 400-800 mcg/day at least 1 month before conception (4 mg/day if prior NTD pregnancy)- Immunity check: rubella IgG, varicella IgG, hepatitis B, HIV- Optimize chronic disease (HbA1c <6.5, BP <140/90, TSH 0.5-2.5)- Avoid teratogens: alcohol, tobacco, isotretinoin, ACE inhibitors, warfarin, methotrexate, statins- Healthy weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 ideal)- Address dental health and mental health- Genetic counseling if indicated (advanced maternal age, ethnic risk, family history)
CautionLive-virus vaccines (MMR, varicella) must be given at least 1 month before pregnancy. Tdap is given each pregnancy at 27-36 weeks. Influenza is recommended in any trimester.
Folic acid — Water-soluble B vitamin essential for neural tube closure (occurs by day 28 after conception). Recommended dose 400-800 mcg/day for women planning pregnancy, starting 1 month before conception and continuing through first trimester. Reduces NTD risk by up to 70 percent.
Rubella and varicella immunity — Live-virus vaccines (MMR for rubella, varicella vaccine) cannot be given during pregnancy due to theoretical fetal risk. Confirm immunity (IgG positive) before conception; vaccinate non-immune clients at least 1 month before pregnancy.
Teratogen — Substance that causes structural or functional fetal malformation. Common teratogens: alcohol, isotretinoin (Accutane), ACE inhibitors, warfarin, methotrexate, valproic acid, lithium, high-dose vitamin A. Most critical exposure window: weeks 3-8 (organogenesis).