A nurse is monitoring an adult client 4 hours after an open abdominal hysterectomy. Which assessment findings would alert the nurse to early postoperative hemorrhage and hypovolemia? Select all that apply.

Early hemorrhagic shock activates the sympathetic nervous system, producing tachycardia and a narrowing pulse pressure as the body compensates (Choice 6). Decreased cerebral perfusion can present as restlessness, anxiety, or new confusion before hypotension develops (Choice 1). Decreased renal perfusion appears as oliguria—less than 30 mL/hr in an adult—making the fall in urine output an important early cue (Choice 2). Bleeding causes tachycardia rather than bradycardia (Choice 5). Skin is more likely to become cool, pale, and clammy with weak pulses than warm and flushed with bounding pulses (Choice 3). A rising oxygen saturation above baseline does not indicate hemorrhage or hypovolemia (Choice 4).