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NCLEX PART 1

CH 03. Pharmacology Basics
(Math & Suffixes)

Pharmacology is not about memorizing 5,000 drugs.
It's about recognizing Patterns (Suffixes) and knowing Safety.

If you know what "-pril" does, you know every ACE inhibitor.
Also, we will cover the "Therapeutic Levels" that you must memorize.

1. Drug Suffixes (The Cheat Code)

Memorize the ending, and you know the class and side effects.

Suffix Class & Use Key NCLEX Point
-pril
(Lisinopril)		 ACE Inhibitor
(BP Lowering)		 Dry Cough, Hyperkalemia.
"Angioedema" is an emergency.
-lol
(Metoprolol)		 Beta Blocker
(BP & HR Lowering)		 Check HR before giving.
Avoid in Asthma (bronchospasm).
-sartan
(Losartan)		 ARB
(BP Lowering)		 Use if patient coughs with ACE(-pril).
No cough, but still Hyperkalemia.
-mycin
(Vancomycin)		 Antibiotics
(Serious infections)		 Ototoxicity (Ears) & Nephrotoxicity (Kidneys).
"Red Man Syndrome" if infused too fast.
-prazole
(Omeprazole)		 PPI
(GERD, Ulcers)		 Take 30 mins before meals.
Long term use: Osteoporosis risk.
-statin
(Atorvastatin)		 Lipid Lowering
(Cholesterol)		 Muscle pain (Rhabdomyolysis).
No Grapefruit juice!

2. Golden Rules of Administration

These rules prevent fatal errors. NCLEX loves safety questions.

  • NEVER IV Push Potassium (K+):
    Potassium is lethal if pushed. It stops the heart.
    It must always be diluted and infused slowly (Max 10-20 mEq/hr).
  • Grapefruit Juice Rule:
    Avoid with: Statins, Calcium Channel Blockers (-dipine), and Psych meds.
    It increases drug toxicity.
  • Aspirin & Kids:
    Never give Aspirin to children with viral infections (Flu/Chickenpox).
    Risk of Reye's Syndrome.

3. Blood Transfusion Protocol

A high-risk procedure with strict rules.

  • Preparation:
    - Large bore IV (18G or 20G).
    - Use 0.9% Normal Saline ONLY.
    - Two RNs must verify.
  • The "15 Minute" Rule:
    Stay with the client for the first 15 minutes.
    Most hemolytic reactions happen then. If reaction occurs: STOP transfusion immediately!
  • Time Limit:
    Unit must be infused within 4 hours to prevent bacterial growth.

Pharmacology is huge, but focusing on Suffixes and Safety covers 80% of questions.
Don't forget to memorize the "Therapeutic Levels" below!
Next, we move to Fundamentals.

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