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Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs | 마이메르시 MyMerci
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Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

NCLEX Review Guide: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

NSAID Fundamentals

Mechanism of Action

  • NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which blocks prostaglandin synthesis and reduces inflammation, pain, and fever.
  • COX-1 enzymes protect gastric mucosa and support platelet aggregation, while COX-2 enzymes mediate inflammation and pain responses.

Memory Aid: NSAID Effects

"PAIN" - Pain relief, Anti-inflammatory, Inhibits fever, No COX selectivity (most NSAIDs)

Key Points

  • All NSAIDs carry BLACK BOX WARNING for cardiovascular and GI risks
  • Avoid in patients with kidney disease, heart failure, or active GI bleeding

Common NSAID Classifications

Major Drug Categories

Category Examples Special Considerations
Salicylates Aspirin Irreversible platelet inhibition
Propionic Acids Ibuprofen, Naproxen OTC availability, GI upset common
COX-2 Selective Celecoxib Reduced GI risk, increased CV risk
Acetic Acids Indomethacin CNS effects, used for specific conditions
  • Aspirin is the only NSAID that irreversibly inhibits platelets, making it unique for cardioprotective therapy.
  • Celecoxib (Celebrex) selectively inhibits COX-2, reducing GI side effects but potentially increasing cardiovascular risks.

Clinical Applications & Nursing Considerations

Therapeutic Uses

  • Pain management for mild to moderate pain, especially with inflammatory component like arthritis or injury.
  • Fever reduction when acetaminophen is contraindicated or ineffective for temperature control.
  • Anti-inflammatory treatment for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and acute inflammatory processes.

Clinical Scenario

A 65-year-old patient with osteoarthritis requests ibuprofen for joint pain. They have a history of peptic ulcer disease and take warfarin. What should the nurse consider?

Answer: Contraindicated - NSAIDs increase bleeding risk with warfarin and can cause GI bleeding in patients with ulcer history.

Key Points

  • Monitor for GI bleeding signs: black tarry stools, coffee-ground emesis, abdominal pain
  • Assess kidney function before and during therapy - NSAIDs can cause acute kidney injury
  • Take with food to minimize gastric irritation and improve tolerance

Side Effects & Contraindications

Major Adverse Effects

  1. Gastrointestinal: Peptic ulcers, GI bleeding, nausea, dyspepsia - most common side effects
  2. Cardiovascular: Increased risk of MI and stroke, especially with long-term use
  3. Renal: Decreased kidney function, fluid retention, electrolyte imbalances
  4. Hematologic: Prolonged bleeding time, especially with aspirin

Memory Aid: NSAID Contraindications

"GUT PUNCH" - GI bleeding, Ulcers, Third trimester pregnancy, Platelet disorders, Uncontrolled hypertension, Nephritis, Cardiac failure, Hypersensitivity

Important Alert

Never give NSAIDs to patients in third trimester of pregnancy - can cause premature closure of ductus arteriosus

Commonly Confused Points

NSAID Acetaminophen
Anti-inflammatory: YES Anti-inflammatory: NO
Affects platelets: YES Affects platelets: NO
GI bleeding risk: HIGH GI bleeding risk: LOW
Hepatotoxicity: Rare Hepatotoxicity: High risk
Kidney effects: YES Kidney effects: Minimal

Key Differences

  • Aspirin vs other NSAIDs: Only aspirin irreversibly inhibits platelets for 7-10 days
  • COX-2 selective vs traditional: Less GI toxicity but potentially more CV risk

Study Tips & Quick Checks

NCLEX Success Tips

  • Always consider patient's age, comorbidities, and other medications before NSAID administration
  • Remember the "triple whammy": NSAIDs + ACE inhibitors + Diuretics = Acute kidney injury risk
  • For NCLEX questions, if patient has GI bleeding history, choose acetaminophen over NSAIDs

Quick Check Questions

□ Can you name 3 contraindications for NSAID use?

□ What lab values should be monitored during NSAID therapy?

□ How do COX-2 selective NSAIDs differ from traditional NSAIDs?

□ What patient teaching is essential for NSAID safety?

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

  • Don't confuse anti-inflammatory effects - only NSAIDs have true anti-inflammatory properties
  • Remember that all NSAIDs affect kidneys - not just in overdose situations
  • COX-2 selective doesn't mean "completely safe" - still has cardiovascular risks

🌟 You're building the knowledge foundation to provide safe, effective patient care! Every concept you master brings you closer to passing NCLEX and becoming an excellent nurse. Keep pushing forward! 🌟

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