성장을 멈추지 마세요

체험은 만족하셨나요?

현재 45,766명이 마이메르시로 공부 중이에요

지식 자료를 소장하고 멋진 의료인으로 성장하세요

학습 자료 둘러보기 →
Physiological Pregnancy Changes | 마이메르시 MyMerci
제안하기

뭔가 하고 싶은 말이 있는거야?

0 / 2000
컨텐츠 수정하기

컨텐츠 내용을 수정할 수 있습니다

수정하기
닫기

Physiological Pregnancy Changes

NCLEX Review Guide: Maternal Newborn Health - Physiological Pregnancy Changes

Cardiovascular System Changes

Hemodynamic Adaptations

  • Blood volume increases by 40-50% with plasma volume increasing more than RBC volume, causing physiological anemia of pregnancy (normal Hgb 11-12 g/dL).
  • Cardiac output increases by 30-50% due to increased stroke volume and heart rate (10-20 bpm increase).
  • Blood pressure typically decreases in 2nd trimester due to decreased peripheral vascular resistance, then returns to baseline by term.
  • Supine hypotensive syndrome occurs when gravid uterus compresses vena cava in supine position, causing maternal hypotension and fetal compromise.

Key Points

  • Always position pregnant clients in left lateral position to prevent vena cava compression
  • Heart murmurs are common due to increased blood volume - usually benign

Respiratory System Changes

Pulmonary Adaptations

  • Tidal volume increases by 30-40% while respiratory rate remains unchanged, leading to increased minute ventilation.
  • Functional residual capacity decreases due to diaphragmatic elevation from growing uterus.
  • Respiratory alkalosis is normal due to increased CO2 elimination (compensated by decreased bicarbonate).
Memory Aid: "BREATHE" - Blood volume up, Respiratory alkalosis, Elevated diaphragm, Alkalosis compensated, Tidal volume up, Heart rate up, Edema possible

Gastrointestinal System Changes

Digestive Adaptations

  • Gastric motility decreases due to progesterone, leading to delayed gastric emptying and increased risk of heartburn.
  • Gastroesophageal reflux increases due to relaxed lower esophageal sphincter and upward displacement by uterus.
  • Constipation is common due to decreased peristalsis and iron supplementation effects.
Clinical Scenario: Pregnant client reports severe heartburn. Appropriate interventions include small frequent meals, avoiding spicy foods, elevating head of bed, and antacids if needed (avoid sodium bicarbonate).

Renal System Changes

Kidney and Urinary Adaptations

  • Glomerular filtration rate increases by 50% leading to decreased serum creatinine and BUN levels.
  • Renal plasma flow increases, causing physiological glucosuria and proteinuria up to 300mg/24hr (normal).
  • Urinary frequency increases due to uterine pressure on bladder and increased GFR.

Key Points

  • Proteinuria >300mg/24hr may indicate preeclampsia
  • UTI risk increases due to urinary stasis and decreased bladder tone

Commonly Confused Points

Normal Pregnancy ChangesPathological Findings
Physiological anemia (Hgb 11-12)True anemia (Hgb <11)
Proteinuria <300mg/24hrProteinuria >300mg/24hr (preeclampsia)
Mild dependent edemaFacial/hand edema (preeclampsia)
Respiratory alkalosisMetabolic acidosis (pathologic)

Study Tips & Memory Aids

PREGNANCY Mnemonic:

  • P - Plasma volume increases more than RBCs
  • R - Respiratory alkalosis is normal
  • E - Edema in feet/ankles is normal
  • G - GFR increases, decreasing creatinine
  • N - Nausea from decreased gastric motility
  • A - Alkaline phosphatase increases
  • N - Nutrition needs increase
  • C - Cardiac output increases 30-50%
  • Y - Yearning to urinate frequently

Common Pitfalls

  • Don't confuse physiological changes with pathology
  • Remember left lateral positioning prevents supine hypotension
  • Normal pregnancy proteinuria is <300mg/24hr, not absent

Quick Check Questions:

  1. □ Can you explain why pregnant women develop physiological anemia?
  2. □ What position should you place a pregnant client in and why?
  3. □ What's the difference between normal pregnancy edema and preeclampsia edema?
  4. □ Why do pregnant women experience heartburn?

Remember: Understanding normal physiological changes helps you identify when something is abnormal. You're preparing to be an excellent nurse who can distinguish between expected pregnancy adaptations and complications requiring intervention. Keep studying - you've got this! 💪

다음 이론을 계속 학습하려면 로그인하세요.

로그인하고 계속 학습
컨텐츠를 그만볼래?

필기노트, 하이라이터, 메모는 잘 쓰고 있어?

내보내줘
어떤 폴더에 저장할래?

컨텐츠 노트에는 총 0개의 폴더가 있어!

폴더 만들기
컨텐츠 만들기
만들기
신고했어요.

운영진이 검토할게요!

해당 유저를 차단했어요.

마이페이지에서 차단한 회원을 관리할 수 있어요.